The 2012 Spanish Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held on 13 May 2012, at the Circuit de Catalunya in Montmeló. It was the fifth round of the 2012 Formula One World Championship. Williams's Pastor Maldonado won the event from pole position, with Ferrari's Fernando Alonso second and Lotus's Kimi Räikkönen third.

Lewis Hamilton in his McLaren was fastest in qualifying; he was excluded from the qualifying results for breaking the technical regulations on fuel, forcing him to begin the race from the back of the grid. Maldonado thus inherited pole position, but was overtaken by Alonso at the start of the Grand Prix. After the first two cycles of pit stops for fresh tyres, Maldonado undercut Alonso, who remained out for two more laps and was delayed by a slower driver during the second pit stop cycle. On lap 41, Maldonado's third pit stop was slow due to a tyre fitting fault and he lost his lead, but he retook it again by passing Räikkönen on lap 47. Alonso overtook Räikkönen on the following lap as well, and drew close to Maldonado; he could not pass Maldonado who maintained the lead for the rest of the race and achieved his maiden and only Formula One win. Alonso finished 3.1 seconds behind in second place and Räikkönen took third after being put on an alternate strategy intended to give him victory.

The race was Williams's first victory since Juan Pablo Montoya won the 2004 Brazilian Grand Prix. Maldonado was the fifth race winner in the season's first five races.